Bradley Manning, the U. Army private who was sentenced Aug. Converting male anatomy to female anatomy requires removing the penis, reshaping genital tissue to appear more female and constructing a vagina. An incision is made into the scrotum, and the flap of skin is pulled back. The testes are removed. A shorter urethra is cut.

In female-to-male transsexuals, the operative procedures are usually performed in different stages: first the subcutaneous mastectomy which is often combined with a hysterectomy-ovarectomy endoscopically assisted. The next operative procedure consists of the genital transformation and includes a vaginectomy, a reconstruction of the horizontal part of the urethra, a scrotoplasty and a penile reconstruction usually with a radial forearm flap or an alternative. After about one year, penile erection prosthesis and testicular prostheses can be implanted when sensation has returned to the tip of the penis. The authors provide a state-of-the-art overview of the different gender reassignment surgery procedures that can be performed in a female-to-male transsexual.

Jump to content. The University of Michigan Health System offers procedures for surgical gender transition. Working together, the surgical team of the Comprehensive Gender Services Program, which includes specialists in plastic surgery, urology and gynecology, bring expertise, experience and safety to procedures for our transgender patients.

Aetna considers gender affirming surgery medically necessary when all of the following criteria are met:. Requirements for chest masculinization breast removal for transmasculine assigned female at birth members:. Note that more than one breast augmentation is considered not medically necessary. Requirements for genital reconstructive surgery i.